Cartilage is a tough, smooth, rubbery tissue that lines and cushions the surface of joints. Two types of cartilage are found in the knee. Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones and allows our joints to move smoothly. Meniscal cartilages cushion the surface of the joint and protect the articular cartilage from wear. Menisci attach to the top of the shin bone (tibia) and act as shock absorbers.

A tear of the meniscus can occur when the knee is forcefully twisted, often in sports or similar significant injuries. Occasionally, minimal trauma, such as squatting, can cause a meniscal tear.

Meniscal tears cause pain and fluid in the knee, difficulty bending and straightening, and an associated snapping or popping. Most meniscal tears can be diagnosed by your physician’s examination and possibility an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).

Treatment of meniscal tears begins with ice and elevation of the knee. A knee immobilizer or brace may prevent further injury. Anti-inflammatory medications may help with the discomfort. Surgery is needed to either repair or remove the torn pieces of cartilage. Rehabilitation after the surgery is needed to bring strength back to the involved lower extremity and to improve range of motion of the knee. One is often able to return to full activities within two to six weeks following surgical intervention. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to prevent cartilage injuries. Strong thigh and hamstring muscles as well as good muscle-stretching routines may help limit injuries to the knee cartilages.