Back pain in children is not as common as in adults and it more often has an identifiable cause. Most commonly, it is due to muscle strain and overuse during athletic participation. This pain is usually limited to the back area, aggravated by activities and relieved by rest. Treatment consists of sports modification and a muscle-strengthening program. Occasionally, muscle relaxants and anti-inflammatory medications are needed to resolve the initial acute phase of the pain.

Another common cause of low back pain in adolescents is a stress fracture in the lower part of the spine. This fracture is called spondylolysis. It occurs most commonly in certain athletes, especially gymnasts. The significance of this stress fracture is the pain, and treatment is directed to relieve the pain, regardless of whether the fracture heals or not. These children are usually allowed to resume sporting activities after the pain has resolved.

Other, less common causes of back pain in children may include infections, tumors, and herniated discs. These conditions present with different pattern of pain and may need tests beyond routine X-Rays, such as MRI or blood tests.

In most instances of back pain in children, non-surgical treatment is successful; occasionally surgery is needed and usually results in success. Children who have had accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment should not develop longstanding problems in adulthood.

In summary, back pain in children should not be ignored. In most cases there is a distinct cause of the pain.