The vast majority of patients seen in pain clinics have muscle (myofascial) pain. Fibromyalgia is an example of myofascial pain. Fibromyalgia occurs most commonly among women 35 to 55 years old.

The most common symptoms of fibromyalgia are generalized pain, stiffness, and poor sleep. Other symptoms include a feeling of swelling in tissues and numbness and/or tingling in extremities. Widespread pain is usually longer than 3 months duration and affects the right and left sides of the body above and below the waist. Other possible symptoms of fibromyalgia are headache, fatigue, and irritable bowels. Symptoms are worse in the morning and/or evening.

Fibromyalgia symptoms often develop following viral infection, stress, or trauma. As the disease progresses, physical fitness and muscle strength decreases. These weak muscles easily develop fatigue.

Physiatrists, physical medicine and rehabilitation doctors, are trained in treating patients with fibromyalgia. Treatment includes medication and physical therapy. Medications in conjunction with physical therapy can provide relief of muscle spasm and pain, as well as improve sleep pattern. Therapy may include ultrasound, electrical stimulation, ice, heat, and hands-on techniques. Patients may also benefit from trial of aquatic water therapy, EMG-biofeedback, or a trial of acupuncture.

Once pain has been reduced, a gradual aerobic fitness program can be initiated. Exercise training helps to improve flexibility, endurance, relaxation. Overall comprehensive rehabilitation helps to improve patients’ quality of life.